It is a condition in which seizures are not adequately controlled despite regular treatment with two or more appropriate anti-epileptic drugs.
Select the right drugs, use an adequate dose and for a sufficient duration under the advice of an epilepsy specialist.
Before starting treatment, the doctor needs to know your longest seizure-free period. After treatment, if this period triples or reaches 12 months (whichever is longer), the medication is considered effective.
If your doctors can pinpoint the exact area of your brain where seizures begin—and it’s not responsible for vital functions like movement, speech, or memory—they may recommend surgery to remove that area.
This is called resection surgery. It’s considered only when the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
Before the surgery, your medical team will carefully evaluate:
Where your seizures start – using brain scans, EEG tests, and other advanced tools
Whether surgery is safe – weighing the risks of the operation against the impact of ongoing, uncontrolled seizures
The goal is to reduce or stop seizures and improve your quality of life—safely and effectively.
For drug-resistant focal epilepsy, especially in critical brain areas or with unclear/multiple lesions, neuromodulation offers an innovative treatment. Techniques include Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS), Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS), and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). RNS, the most advanced, uniquely features brain-computer interaction. It implants electrodes in 1-2 epileptogenic regions to monitor and respond to abnormal brain activity, reducing seizures. Unlike continuous stimulation in VNS and DBS, RNS activates only when needed, minimizing side effects. Its real-time EEG monitoring enables doctors to tailor treatment dynamically, providing a personalized solution for drug-resistant epilepsy.